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Symptoms & Signs

• History
  • Most typical signs/symptoms
    • Fever
    • Cough (nonproductive or productive of purulent sputum)
    • Pleuritic chest pain
    • Chills and/or rigors
    • Dyspnea
  • Frequent signs/symptoms
    • Headache
    • Nausea
    • Vomiting
    • Diarrhea
    • Fatigue
    • Arthralgia/myalgia
    • Falls and new-onset or worsening confusion (in elderly patients)
• Physical findings
  • Fever
  • Tachypnea
    • In two studies, patients with a respiratory rate of > 25/min had a pneumonia likelihood ratio of 1.5–3.4.
  • Tachycardia
    • Patients with a heart rate of ≥100/min, a temperature of ≥ 37.8°C, and a respiratory rate of ≥20/min were 5 times more likely to have pneumonia than patients without these findings in one study.
  • Chest examination
    • Dullness to percussion
    • Increased tactile and vocal fremitus
    • Egophony
    • Whispering pectoriloquy
    • Crackles
    • Pleural friction rub

The Harrison's Practice Preview allows you to view 5 FREE complete topics or conduct a search that delivers abstracts for more than 450 medical topics. For full access, please subscribe today!