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Prevention

• Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination status should be ascertained and vaccines offered when appropriate.
• All patients with pneumonia who are tobacco smokers should be encouraged to join smoking cessation programs.
• When a patient is prone to aspiration, preventive measures should be taken, including attention to oral hygiene.
• Only sterile water should be used in humidifiers in long-term-care facilities.
• Antimicrobial prophylaxis should be given in special situations—for example:
  
  • Latent tuberculosis prophylaxis (see Tuberculosis)
  • Pneumocystis prophylaxis for selected immunocompromised patients (see Pneumocystis Infections)
    

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