Definition

• Smallpox is caused by 1 of 2 closely related double-stranded DNA viruses.
  • Variola minor: generally less severe infection, with low mortality rates
  • Variola major: the more common and more severe form of smallpox
• Smallpox was globally eradicated by 1980 through a worldwide vaccination program.
  • Smallpox immunization programs were discontinued in 1972 in the United States and in 1980 worldwide.
  • Today, close to half of the U.S. population is fully susceptible to smallpox.
  • Smallpox is designated a Category A biologic threat by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) because it potentially threatens national security and public health.
    • Mortality rate: 10–30% among unimmunized persons

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