[GENERAL]
HACEK organisms are a group of fastidious, slow-growing, gram-negative bacteria whose growth requires an atmosphere of carbon dioxide. Species belonging to this group include several
H
aemophilus species,
A
ctinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,
C
ardiobacterium hominis,
E
ikenella corrodens, and
K
ingella kingae. HACEK bacteria normally reside in the oral cavity and have been associated with local infections in the mouth. They are also known to cause severe systemic infections—most often bacterial endocarditis, which can develop on either native or prosthetic valves (Chap. 118).
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